Sardis (Antiochus Hierax), silver, tetradrachms (Antiochus Hierax/seated Apollo) (242-227 BCE)
From SILVER
242 BCE - 227 BCE Silver 2,939 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Antiochus Hierax right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY (Greek).BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antiochus Hierax (Seleucid usurper, 246-227 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 242 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 227 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.05 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hochard 2024, p. 67-69, n° 51-62 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2WSM, n° 1432, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 9, n° 403, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4SC I, n° 898-902, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hochard 2024, p. 67-69, n° 51-62 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 57.14 | 4 | 17.39 | 36, 37, 40, 42 |
| 4 | 1 | 14.29 | 4 | 17.39 | 39 |
| 5 | 1 | 14.29 | 5 | 21.74 | 41 |
| 10 | 1 | 14.29 | 10 | 43.48 | 38 |
| Total | 7 of 7 | 100.01 | 23 of 23 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 7 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 18 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 23 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.29 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.28 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.57 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 57.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.62 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 172,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 10.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 82.61% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,336.43 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,939 kg <br /> 2,939 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 13,341.07 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- a b Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2024), "L'atelier de Sardes sous les Séleucides," Revue numismatique, 181, p. 49-109.
- ^ Newell, Edward T. (1941), The coinage of the western Seleucid mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III, Numismatic Studies 4, New York, 450 p., LXIV pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine (2002), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 1, Seleucus I through Antiochus III, New York - Lancaster - London, 2 v. (xxxviii, 488 p. + 300 p.), 101 pl.
