Sardis (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/seated Zeus) (330-297 BCE)
From SILVER
330 BCE - 297 BCE Silver 19,689 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, holding eagle and sceptre, TI before, ivy-leaf beneath throne. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Macedonian kingdom, Antigonus I Monophtalmus (Macedonian nobleman, general, satrap and Antigonid king, 306-301 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 330 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 297 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Thompson 1983 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 214, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Price 2540, 2544, 2549, 2610... 2690-1 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 15 | 31.25 | 15 | 8.72 | 38, 53, 233, 240, 241, 306, 309, 310, 362, 363, 364, 370, 373, 378, 395 |
| 2 | 8 | 16.67 | 16 | 9.3 | 46, 235, 236, 307, 376, 390, 392, 396 |
| 3 | 7 | 14.58 | 21 | 12.21 | 237, 238, 308, 366, 385, 407, 412 |
| 4 | 6 | 12.5 | 24 | 13.95 | 231, 234, 365, 377, 383, 397 |
| 5 | 2 | 4.17 | 10 | 5.81 | 367, 381 |
| 6 | 4 | 8.33 | 24 | 13.95 | 379, 380, 382, 384 |
| 8 | 2 | 4.17 | 16 | 9.3 | 239, 305 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.08 | 9 | 5.23 | 410 |
| 12 | 2 | 4.17 | 24 | 13.95 | 386, 391 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.08 | 13 | 7.56 | 369 |
| Total | 48 of 48 | 100 | 172 of 172 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 48 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 15 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 132 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 172 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.58 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 31.25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 57.57 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,151,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 66.58 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 91.28% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,975.33 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 19,689 kg <br /> 19,689 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,938.34 |
Remarks
Certainly military
