Sardis (Alexander the Great), gold, staters (Athena/Nike) (330-297 BCE)
From SILVER
330 BCE - 297 BCE Gold 118,486 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena to right in crested Corinthian helmet, hair plaited. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Nike standing to left, holding wreath in outstretched hand, tripod in left field, to right AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Macedonian kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 330 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 297 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.55 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Thompson 1983 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 213, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Price 1991, n° 2528-2678 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 19 | 33.93 | 19 | 10.5 | 17, 36, 44, 52, 147, 171, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 299, 304, 360, 361, 388, 409, 411 |
| 2 | 11 | 19.64 | 22 | 12.15 | 10, 45, 96, 97, 170, 173, 218, 219, 220, 300, 302 |
| 3 | 7 | 12.5 | 21 | 11.6 | 2, 11, 22, 148, 230, 298, 389 |
| 4 | 8 | 14.29 | 32 | 17.68 | 7, 8, 13, 14, 21, 37, 301, 387 |
| 5 | 4 | 7.14 | 20 | 11.05 | 5, 20, 121, 303 |
| 6 | 2 | 3.57 | 12 | 6.63 | 9, 172 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.79 | 8 | 4.42 | 12 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.79 | 10 | 5.52 | 15 |
| 11 | 1 | 1.79 | 11 | 6.08 | 224 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.79 | 12 | 6.63 | 1 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.79 | 14 | 7.73 | 221 |
| Total | 56 of 56 | 100.02 | 181 of 181 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 56 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 19 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 90 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 181 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.23 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.01 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.61 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.93 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 69.29 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,385,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 81.09 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 89.5% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,224.42 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 118,486 kg <br /> 118,486 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 13,061.05 |
Remarks
Certainly military
References
- ^ Thompson, Margaret (1983), Alexander's Drachm Mints. I : Sardes and Miletus, NS 16, New York.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
