Sardis, bronze (7.5g) (Tyche/standing Zeus) (133-30 BCE)
From SILVER
133 BCE - 30 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Turreted, veiled, and draped bust of Tyche right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ (Greek).Zeus Lydios standing left, holding eagle and scepter, two monograms to left. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 133 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 30 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.5 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hochard 2020, p. 358, series 4, groups 7, n° 1826. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 50 | 3 | 9.09 | 39, 42, 43 |
| 2 | 1 | 16.67 | 2 | 6.06 | 44 |
| 11 | 1 | 16.67 | 11 | 33.33 | 41 |
| 17 | 1 | 16.67 | 17 | 51.52 | 40 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.01 | 33 of 33 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 33 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.71 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 6.55 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 131,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 7.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00025 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 90.91% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,076.34 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 25,190.84 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2020), Lydie, terre d'empire(s): Etude de numismatique et d'histoire (228 a.C.-268 p.C.), 2 vol., Bordeaux, 2020, 1325 p.
