Salamis (Ptolemy VIII), silver, tetradrachms (145-116 BCE) Olivier
From SILVER
145 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 23,173 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy I Soter to right, wearing diadem and aegis around neck. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, ((diademed) scepter on shoulder). In field, date (and diadmed petasos, club, helmet, one/two star(s), calathos, pyxis, lotus button and/or letters). |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Salamis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyprus | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Olivier 20121 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 10 | 13.7 | 10 | 2.32 | 126, 141, 144, 145, 146, 148, 151, 157, 166, 175 |
2 | 14 | 19.18 | 28 | 6.5 | 104, 105, 109, 118, 129, 135, 136, 139, 155, 162, 168, 170, 172, 176 |
3 | 4 | 5.48 | 12 | 2.78 | 108, 115, 149, 171 |
4 | 5 | 6.85 | 20 | 4.64 | 119, 123, 125, 138, 169 |
5 | 7 | 9.59 | 35 | 8.12 | 124, 127, 134, 153, 158, 161, 173 |
6 | 9 | 12.33 | 54 | 12.53 | 112, 113, 116, 120, 122, 130, 131, 132, 137 |
7 | 7 | 9.59 | 49 | 11.37 | 106, 111, 142, 147, 150, 156, 163 |
8 | 2 | 2.74 | 16 | 3.71 | 133, 167 |
9 | 2 | 2.74 | 18 | 4.18 | 114, 154 |
10 | 2 | 2.74 | 20 | 4.64 | 107, 117 |
11 | 1 | 1.37 | 11 | 2.55 | 165 |
13 | 2 | 2.74 | 26 | 6.03 | 143, 160 |
14 | 1 | 1.37 | 14 | 3.25 | 128 |
15 | 3 | 4.11 | 45 | 10.44 | 110, 159, 164 |
16 | 1 | 1.37 | 16 | 3.71 | 140 |
17 | 2 | 2.74 | 34 | 7.89 | 121, 152 |
19 | 1 | 1.37 | 19 | 4.41 | 174 |
Total | 73 of 73 | 100.01 | 427 of 431 | 99.07 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 73 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 10 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 256 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 431 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.9 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.68 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.51 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 13.7 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 78.82 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,576,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 87.89 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00027 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.68% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,936.31 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 23,173 kg <br /> 23,173 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 27,340.78 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien (2012), Archè et Chrèmata en Egypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204-81 av. J.-C.). Etude de numismatique et d'histoire, [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Orléans University, 2012.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762