Salamis (Ptolemy VIII), silver, tetradrachms (145-116 BCE) Nicolaou - Mørkholm
From SILVER
145 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 21,333 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, with wings closed and sceptre at shoulder, star above L Λ (date) to left, ΣA to right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Salamis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyprus | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nicolaou - Mørkholm 1976 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 7910, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 317 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 14 | 21.21 | 14 | 4.95 | 29, 39, 40, 47, 48, 56, 59, 63, 64, 66, 69, 75, 84, 90 |
| 2 | 11 | 16.67 | 22 | 7.77 | 28, 37, 45, 51, 55, 67, 76, 80, 86, 88, 93 |
| 3 | 9 | 13.64 | 27 | 9.54 | 31, 43, 44, 46, 52, 54, 70, 72, 89 |
| 4 | 7 | 10.61 | 28 | 9.89 | 30, 38, 41, 58, 79, 87, 91 |
| 5 | 9 | 13.64 | 45 | 15.9 | 32, 33, 35, 50, 53, 57, 61, 74, 85 |
| 6 | 2 | 3.03 | 12 | 4.24 | 65, 68 |
| 7 | 3 | 4.55 | 21 | 7.42 | 31, 36, 81 |
| 8 | 4 | 6.06 | 32 | 11.31 | 60, 62, 73, 83 |
| 10 | 3 | 4.55 | 30 | 10.6 | 49, 77, 78 |
| 11 | 1 | 1.52 | 11 | 3.89 | 82 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.52 | 12 | 4.24 | 71 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.52 | 14 | 4.95 | 42 |
| 15 | 1 | 1.52 | 15 | 5.3 | 92 |
| Total | 66 of 66 | 100.04 | 283 of 283 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 66 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 14 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 239 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 283 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.29 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.18 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.62 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21.21 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 75.65 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,513,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 86.07 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00019 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.05% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,481.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 21,333 kg <br /> 21,333 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,704.56 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Nicolaou, Ino - Mørkholm, Otto (1976), A Ptolemaic coin hoard, Nicosia, Nicosia Printing Works, 115 p., 22 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
