S 955 - Chersonesos, bronze, chalkous, 385-380 BC
From SILVER
385 BCE - 380 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of lion left or right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | X, XE, XEP or ΠXEP (Greek).Star. (Between the rays, globules). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Chersonesos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bosporus | Modern countryModern country: Russia (Crimea) | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 385 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 380 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | chalkous
|
StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Kovalenko 20081Kovalenko 2008, p. 119-126, n° 126-208. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 7 | 26.92 | 7 | 4.83 | 15, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 33 |
| 2 | 4 | 15.38 | 8 | 5.52 | 16, 25, 26, 32 |
| 3 | 3 | 11.54 | 9 | 6.21 | 12, 20, 34 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.85 | 4 | 2.76 | 18 |
| 6 | 3 | 11.54 | 18 | 12.41 | 14, 19, 31 |
| 9 | 2 | 7.69 | 18 | 12.41 | |
| 10 | 3 | 11.54 | 30 | 20.69 | 11, 17, 24 |
| 15 | 2 | 7.69 | 30 | 20.69 | 10, 30 |
| 16 | 1 | 3.85 | 16 | 11.03 | 13 |
| Total | 26 of 26 | 100 | 140 of 145 | 96.55 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 26 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 43 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 145 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.58 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.37 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.65 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 26.92 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 28.33 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 566,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 31.68 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00026 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.17% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,236.5 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 25,591.25 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Kovalenko, Sergei (2008), Die spätklassiche Münzprägung von Chersonesos Taurica, Berlin, 156 p., 18 pl.
