S 896 - Panticapaeum, silver, tetartemorion, 550-410 BC
From SILVER
550 BCE - 410 BCE Silver 1,245 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Several types: 1) Head of lion facing, 2) Ant (type XIX and undetermined type no. 548 ), 3) Head of Apollo right (indetermined type no. 551). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠΑ (type IX) ; ΠAΝ (type XVI) ; ΠAΝΤΙ (type XIV-XV) ; ΑΠΟΛ (type XXXIV) ; ΓΑΝ (type indéterminé, n° 551). (Greek). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Panticapaeum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bosporus | Modern countryModern country: Russia (Crimea) | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 550 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 410 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic and Classical |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.18 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetartemorion
|
StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | N. Frolova1N. Frolova, Die frühe Münzprägung vom Kimmerischen Bosporos (Mitte 6. Bis Anfang 4. Jh.v.Chr.). Die Münzen der Städte Pantikapaion, Theodosia, Nymphaion und Phanagoria sowie der Sinder, Berlin, 2004 (p. 18-44, no. 30, 95, 128-170, 203, 291-292, 354, 397-399, 414-418, 530-538, 548, 551, types I2types I, III-V, IX, XIV-XVI, XIX, XXXIV). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 61 | 89.71 | 61 | 76.25 | |
| 2 | 4 | 5.88 | 8 | 10 | |
| 3 | 1 | 1.47 | 3 | 3.75 | |
| 4 | 2 | 2.94 | 8 | 10 | |
| Total | 68 of 68 | 100 | 80 of 80 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 68 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 61 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 66 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 80 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.18 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.21 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.97 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 89.71 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 345.97 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 6,919,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 453.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 23.75% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 462.47 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,245 kg <br /> 1,245 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,156.17 |
Remarks
