S 893 - Panticapaeum, silver, diobol, 550-410 BC
From SILVER
550 BCE - 410 BCE Silver 9,141 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of lion facing. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠΑ (types IX-X) ; ΠAΝ (type XII) ; ΠAΝΤΙ (types XIII-XV, XVII-XVIII) ; ΑΠΟΛ (types XXXIV-XXXV) (Greek). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Panticapaeum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bosporus | Modern countryModern country: Russia (Crimea) | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 550 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 410 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic and Classical |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | diobol
|
StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | N. Frolova1N. Frolova, Die frühe Münzprägung vom Kimmerischen Bosporos (Mitte 6. Bis Anfang 4. Jh.v.Chr.). Die Münzen der Städte Pantikapaion, Theodosia, Nymphaion und Phanagoria sowie der Sinder, Berlin, 2004 (p. 19-43, no. 51-79, 215-227, 230-252, 255-265, 298-310, 313-321, 324-332, 346-348, 355-380, 401-404, 409, 494-516, 540-542, types II2types II, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVII, XVIII, XXXIV, XXXV). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 109 | 73.15 | 109 | 44.31 | |
| 2 | 23 | 15.44 | 46 | 18.7 | |
| 3 | 5 | 3.36 | 15 | 6.1 | |
| 4 | 2 | 1.34 | 8 | 3.25 | |
| 5 | 4 | 2.68 | 20 | 8.13 | |
| 6 | 2 | 1.34 | 12 | 4.88 | |
| 7 | 3 | 2.01 | 21 | 8.54 | |
| 15 | 1 | 0.67 | 15 | 6.1 | |
| Total | 149 of 149 | 99.99 | 246 of 246 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 149 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 109 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 150 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 246 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.65 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.64 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.01 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 73.15 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 304.71 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 6,094,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 377.88 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 55.69% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,614.65 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,141 kg <br /> 9,141 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 4,036.62 |
Remarks
