S 888 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Hippostratos), bronze, 3 units (Zeus/horse) (70-55 BCE)
From SILVER
70 BCE - 55 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΙΠΠΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated on throne left, holding scepter and wreath with ribbon. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Maharajasa tratarasa jayamtasa Hipustratasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Horse left. In field, monogram. All within bead ans reed border. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: India | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hippostratus of Bactria (Indo-Greek king, c. 65-55 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 70 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 55 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.35 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 3 units | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Bordeaux 20181 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 14.29 | b |
6 | 1 | 50 | 6 | 85.71 | a |
Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 7 of 7 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 4 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 7 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.75 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 2.42 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 48,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 2.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 85.71% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,785.12 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,462.81 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.