S 887 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Hippostratos), bronze, 4 units (Apollo/tripod) (70-55 BCE)
From SILVER
70 BCE - 55 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΙΠΠΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΥ (Greek).Apollo three quarter right, wearing coat, quiver on shoulder, holding arrow. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Maharajasa tratarasa Hipustratasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Tripod. In field, 2 monograms. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: India | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hippostratus of Bactria (Indo-Greek king, c. 65-55 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 70 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 55 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 9.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 4 units | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Bordeaux 20181 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 10 | 76.92 | 10 | 58.82 | A, C, Z, H, Q, I, K, L, M, N |
2 | 2 | 15.38 | 4 | 23.53 | B, D |
3 | 1 | 7.69 | 3 | 17.65 | E |
Total | 13 of 13 | 99.99 | 17 of 17 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 13 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 10 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 15 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 17 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.31 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.13 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.15 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 76.92 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 43.53 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 870,600 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 55.25 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 41.18% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 781.07 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,952.68 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.