S 878 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Menander), bronze, 2 units (165-130 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8785

165 BCE - 130 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ MENANΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Bust of Athena right, wearing helmet.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	Maharajasa tratarasa Menamdrasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Several types : 1) Shield with head of Gorgon. In field, letters or a monogram (no. 1743-1746), 2) Athena Alkidemos left, shield attached on her arm and brandishing thunderbolt. In field, a monogram (no. 1838-1841), 3) Nike left, holding wreath and palm. In field, B and a monogram (no. 1867-1872).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Punjab (uncertain mint)

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Bactria

Modern countryModern country: India

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Menander I Soter (Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king, 165/155 -130 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

165 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

130 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

4.90

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

2 units

StandardStandard.:

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bordeaux 2018, p. 245-253, n° 1743-1746, 1838-1841, 1867-1872
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	10	83.33	10	71.43
2	2	16.67	4	28.57
Total	12 of 12	100	14 of 14	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	12	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	10
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	11	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	14
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.17	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.27
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	0.92	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	83.33 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	63.83	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	1,276,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	84	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00001
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	28.57%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	438.67
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	1,096.66

Remarks