S 878 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Menander), bronze, 2 units (165-130 BCE)
From SILVER
165 BCE - 130 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ MENANΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Bust of Athena right, wearing helmet. |
| Reverse: | Maharajasa tratarasa Menamdrasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Several types : 1) Shield with head of Gorgon. In field, letters or a monogram (no. 1743-1746), 2) Athena Alkidemos left, shield attached on her arm and brandishing thunderbolt. In field, a monogram (no. 1838-1841), 3) Nike left, holding wreath and palm. In field, B and a monogram (no. 1867-1872). |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient region: | Bactria | Modern country: India | Authority: | Menander I Soter (Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king, 165/155 -130 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom |
Chronology
| From | 165 BCE | to | 130 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 4.90 | Denomination: | 2 units
|
Standard: |
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bordeaux 2018, p. 245-253, n° 1743-1746, 1838-1841, 1867-1872 | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 10 | 83.33 | 10 | 71.43 | |
| 2 | 2 | 16.67 | 4 | 28.57 | |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 100 | 14 of 14 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 10 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 11 | Number of coins (n) | 14 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.17 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.27 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 0.92 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 83.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 63.83 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 1,276,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 84 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 28.57% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 438.67 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 1,096.66 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.
