S 877 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Menander), bronze, 3 units (165-130 BCE)
From SILVER
165 BCE - 130 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ MENANΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Several types: 1) Bust of Athena right, wearing helmet (no. 1747-1776 et 1778-1790), 2) Bust of Heracles right (no. 1972), 3) Head of boar right (no. 1973-1975). |
| Reverse: | Maharajasa tratarasa Menamdrasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Several types : 1) Nike three quarter right, holding wreath and palm. In field, a monogram (no. 1747-1776 and 1778-1790), 2) Neman lion scalp. In field, a monogram (no. 1972), 3) Palm (no. 1973-1975). |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient region: | Bactria | Modern country: India | Authority: | Menander I Soter (Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king, 165/155 -130 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom |
Chronology
| From | 165 BCE | to | 130 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 7.35 | Denomination: | 3 units
|
Standard: |
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bordeaux 2018, p. 245-256, n° 1747-1776, 1778-1789, 1972, 1973-1975. | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 39 | 92.86 | 39 | 84.78 | |
| 2 | 2 | 4.76 | 4 | 8.7 | |
| 3 | 1 | 2.38 | 3 | 6.52 | |
| Total | 42 of 42 | 100 | 46 of 46 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 42 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 39 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 44 | Number of coins (n) | 46 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.1 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.05 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.05 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 92.86 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 346.86 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 6,937,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 483 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 15.22% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 265.24 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 663.09 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.
