S 870 - Punjab (uncertain mint) (Menander), silver, tetradrachms (150-125 BCE)
From SILVER
150 BCE - 125 BCE Silver 21,797 kg
Description
| Obverse: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ MENANΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Several types: 1) Bust of Menander three quarter left, wearing diadem, aegis on shoulder, (snake on back), brandishing spear, 2) Bust of Menander right, wearing diadem (and helmet), chlamys (within border of beed and reel). |
| Reverse: | Maharajasa tratarasa Menamdrasa (transcription from Kharoshthi).Several types : 1) Owl right, head facing. In field, a monogram (no. 1711-1712), 2) Athena Alkidemos left, shield attached on her arm and brandishing thunderbolt. In field, 1 or 2 monogram(s) (other no.). |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient region: | Bactria | Modern country: India | Authority: | Menander I Soter (Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek king, 165/155 -130 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom |
Chronology
| From | 150 BCE | to | 125 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 9.80 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: |
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bordeaux 2018, p. 212-243, n° 458-477, 500-505, 540-542, 681, 773-836, 985-996, 1000-1001, 1336-1357, 1443-1501, 1514-1518, 1670-1681, 1711-1712). | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 34 | 41.98 | 34 | 16.35 | |
| 2 | 21 | 25.93 | 42 | 20.19 | |
| 3 | 9 | 11.11 | 27 | 12.98 | |
| 4 | 7 | 8.64 | 28 | 13.46 | |
| 5 | 3 | 3.7 | 15 | 7.21 | |
| 7 | 3 | 3.7 | 21 | 10.1 | |
| 8 | 1 | 1.23 | 8 | 3.85 | |
| 9 | 1 | 1.23 | 9 | 4.33 | |
| 10 | 1 | 1.23 | 10 | 4.81 | |
| 14 | 1 | 1.23 | 14 | 6.73 | |
| Total | 81 of 81 | 99.98 | 208 of 208 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 81 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 34 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 152 | Number of coins (n) | 208 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 2.57 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.37 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.88 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 41.98 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 111.21 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 2,224,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 132.66 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 83.65% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 3,740.67 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 21,797 kg <br /> 21,797 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 9,351.68 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.
