S 857 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Euthydemus I), silver, tetradrachms (235-190 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 9311

235 BCE - 190 BCE Silver 73,611 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of king Euthydemus right, wearing diadem. Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ (Greek).Heracles seated on rock left, naked, holding club, resting on knee. (In right field, a monogram).

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Bactria (uncertain mint)

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Bactria

Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Euthydemus I of Bactria (satrap of Sogdiana and Greco-Bactrian king, c. 230-c. 200 BC), Bactrian kingdom

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

235 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

190 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

16.80

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

tetradrachm

StandardStandard.:

Attic

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Bordeaux20181Bordeaux2018, p. 171-194, n° 1-2, 8-9, 19-23, 25, 27, 30-107, 111-129, 132-147, 149-157, 159-165, 168-405, 410-443, 456-486, 488-531
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	70	41.42	70	14.37
2	30	17.75	60	12.32
3	22	13.02	66	13.55
4	15	8.88	60	12.32
5	14	8.28	70	14.37
6	2	1.18	12	2.46
7	7	4.14	49	10.06
9	5	2.96	45	9.24
12	3	1.78	36	7.39
19	1	0.59	19	3.9
Total	169 of 169	100	487 of 487	99.98

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	169	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	70
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	336	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	487
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.88	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.45
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.99	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	41.42 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	219.08	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	4,381,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	258.81	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00011
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	85.63%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	4,445.86
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	73,611 kg <br /> 73,611 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	11,114.66

Remarks

References

^ Bordeaux2018