S 838 - Tiberias, bronze, As (1/2), 39-40 BC
From SILVER
39 - 40 Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΓΑΙΩ ΚΑΙCAPI ΓEPMA NIKΩ (Greek). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | HPΩΔHC TETPAPXHC (Greek). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tiberias | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Galilee | Modern countryModern country: Israel | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Herod Antipas (tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, 4 BC-39 AD), Caligula (Roman emperor, 37-41 AD), Germanicus (general of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, 15-19 AD) - pretended authority |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 39 | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 40 | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
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DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | As (1/2) | StandardStandard.: | |
| Average weightAverage of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams).: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | A. J. Kogon et Ph. Fontanille1A. J. Kogon et Ph. Fontanille, The Coinage of Herod Antipas: A Study and Die Classification of the Earliest Coins of Galilee, Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity 102). Foreword by C. Lorber, Leiden-Boston, 2018 (série F, type n° 19, dénomination II). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 16.67 | 1 | 1.32 | |
| 6 | 1 | 16.67 | 6 | 7.89 | |
| 12 | 1 | 16.67 | 12 | 15.79 | |
| 15 | 1 | 16.67 | 15 | 19.74 | |
| 16 | 1 | 16.67 | 16 | 21.05 | |
| 26 | 1 | 16.67 | 26 | 34.21 | |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.02 | 76 of 76 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 20 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 76 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 12.67 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.8 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 5.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 119,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6.51 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00063 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.68% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 25,375.63 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 63,439.07 |
Remarks
References
- ^ A. J. Kogon et Ph. Fontanille
