S 772 - Cydonia, silver, obols (189-184 BCE)
From SILVER
189 BCE - 184 BCE Silver 121 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Different types : 1) Head of Apollo right. Border of dots (issues 1 and 3), 2) Female head right, wearing ear wreath (Demeter?). Border of dots (issue 2). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΥΔΩ (issues 2-3) (Greek).Different types : 1) Bucranion surrounded by 3 cressants enserrant each a globul or globul surrounded by 3 cressants. Border of dots (issue 1), 2) Amphora with a bunch of grapes on each handle (issue 2), 3) Dog left (issue 3). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cydonia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Crete | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 189 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 184 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | obol
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Stefanakis 1997, p. 222-225, n° 327-335 and 337-338 (Period III, Group II) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 37.5 | 3 | 6.52 | |
| 2 | 1 | 12.5 | 2 | 4.35 | |
| 10 | 1 | 12.5 | 10 | 21.74 | |
| 11 | 2 | 25 | 22 | 47.83 | |
| 9 | 1 | 12.5 | 9 | 19.57 | |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 46 of 46 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 46 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.75 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.57 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.88 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.67 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 173,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.68 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00027 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.48% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,611.3 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 121 kg <br /> 121 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 26,528.26 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Stefanakis, Manolis. I (1997), Studies in the coinages of Crete with particular reference to Kydonia [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], London University.
