S 703 - Paros, bronze, tetrachalka (female head/goat) (300-75 BCE)
From SILVER
300 BCE - 75 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Wreathed head of female right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠΑΡI (Greek).Goat standing left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Paros | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyclades | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 300 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 75 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrachalkon
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S 703 Paros Tetrachalkoi 300-75.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Tully 20131Tully 2013, p. 123-130, Series 4B.1-6. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
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Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 11 | 39.29 | 11 | 16.67 | 3 (4B.1), 4 (4B.1), 7 (4B.2), 8 (4B.2), 12 (4B.2), 15 (4B.2), 16 (4B.2), 1 (4B.3), 1 (4B.4), 1 (4B.5), 1 (4B.6) |
| 2 | 6 | 21.43 | 12 | 18.18 | 2 (4B.1), 6 (4B.1), 8 (4B.1), 4 (4B.2), 9 (4B.2), 11 (4B.2) |
| 3 | 6 | 21.43 | 18 | 27.27 | 1 (4B.1), 7 (4B.1), 1 (4B.2), 3 (4B.2), 5 (4B.2), 14 (4B.2) |
| 4 | 2 | 7.14 | 8 | 12.12 | 2 (4B.2), 13 (4B.2) |
| 5 | 2 | 7.14 | 10 | 15.15 | 5 (4B.1), 10 (4B.2) |
| 7 | 1 | 3.57 | 7 | 10.61 | 6 (4B.2) |
| Total | 28 of 28 | 100 | 66 of 66 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 28 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 11 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 44 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 66 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.36 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.5 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.57 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 39.29 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 40.41 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 808,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 48.63 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00008 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 83.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,266.52 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,166.3 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Tully, John A. N. Z. (2013), The Island Standard. The Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman Coinages of Paros, New York, xiv, 206 p., 27 pl.
