S 67 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 94-24 BC
From SILVER
94 BCE - 24 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of Astarte right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΑΡΑΔΙΩΝ (Greek).Leaping zebu left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 94 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 24 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S 67 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 94-24 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Duyrat 20051Duyrat 2005, p. 109-112, no. 4422-4602 (series 12). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 18 | 40.91 | 18 | 10.23 | 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, 31, 35, 36, 38, 44 |
| 2 | 6 | 13.64 | 12 | 6.82 | 4, 17, 22, 25, 30, 40 |
| 3 | 6 | 13.64 | 18 | 10.23 | 5, 7, 37, 41, 42, 43 |
| 4 | 2 | 4.55 | 8 | 4.55 | 2, 12 |
| 5 | 2 | 4.55 | 10 | 5.68 | 29, 34 |
| 6 | 2 | 4.55 | 12 | 6.82 | 11, 13 |
| 7 | 2 | 4.55 | 14 | 7.95 | 1, 28 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.27 | 8 | 4.55 | 18 |
| 11 | 1 | 2.27 | 11 | 6.25 | 39 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.27 | 13 | 7.39 | 23 |
| 16 | 2 | 4.55 | 32 | 18.18 | 24, 32 |
| 20 | 1 | 2.27 | 20 | 11.36 | 33 |
| Total | 44 of 44 | 100.02 | 176 of 176 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 44 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 18 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 129 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 176 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.36 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.93 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 40.91 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 51.27 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,025,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 58.67 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00017 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 89.77% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,865.61 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 17,164.03 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut
