S 679 - Alexandria, silver, tetradrachm, 102-88 BC
From SILVER
102 BCE - 88 BCE Silver 39,274 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy I Soter to right, wearing diadem and aegis around neck. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, date in field |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Alexandria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Egypt | Modern countryModern country: Egypt | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemy X Alexander I (Ptolemaic king, 110-88 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 102 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 88 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Olivier 2012, p. 240-249, no. 6050-6393. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 10 | 1 | 0.9 | 10 | 2.91 | D538 |
| 11 | 1 | 0.9 | 11 | 3.2 | D537 |
| 12 | 1 | 0.9 | 12 | 3.49 | D532 |
| 13 | 1 | 0.9 | 13 | 3.78 | D539 |
| 15 | 1 | 0.9 | 15 | 4.36 | D533 |
| 9 | 1 | 0.9 | 9 | 2.62 | |
| 1 | 43 | 38.74 | 43 | 12.5 | D522, D523, D524, D525, D528, D529, D530, D531, D535, D544, D549, D550, D551, D552, D553, D554, D555, D557, D561, D565, D567, D568, D570, D571, D572, D573, D575, D576, D577, D578, D580, D582, D584, D585, D591, D596, D597, D599, D602, D604, D607, D610, D612 |
| 2 | 20 | 18.02 | 40 | 11.63 | D511, D513, D521, D546, D548, D556, D562, D564, D569, D574, D579, D581, D598, D606, D608, D611, D615, D618, D619, D620 |
| 3 | 17 | 15.32 | 51 | 14.83 | D520, D536, D540, D541, D543, D558, D566, D586, D588, D594, D595, D600, D603, D605, D609, D616, D621 |
| 4 | 13 | 11.71 | 52 | 15.12 | D514, D515, D516, D545, D559, D563, D589, D592, D593, D601, D613, D614, D617 |
| 5 | 4 | 3.6 | 20 | 5.81 | D517, D560, D583, D590 |
| 6 | 6 | 5.41 | 36 | 10.47 | D512, D518, D519, D542, D547, D587 |
| 14 | 2 | 1.8 | 28 | 8.14 | D526, D527 |
| Total | 111 of 111 | 100 | 340 of 344 | 98.86 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 111 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 43 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 244 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 344 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.1 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.41 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 38.74 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 139.27 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,785,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 163.88 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 87.5% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,940.04 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 39,274 kg <br /> 39,274 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,350.11 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien (2012), Archè et Chrèmata en Egypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204-81 av. J.-C.). Etude de numismatique et d'histoire, [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Orléans University, 2012.
