S 674 - Alexandria, silver, tetradrachm, 146-116 BC
From SILVER
146 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 52,920 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy I Soter to right, wearing diadem and aegis around neck. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, date in field |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Alexandria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Egypt | Modern countryModern country: Egypt | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 146 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Olivier 2012, p. 202-210, no. 4444-4782. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 12 | 1 | 0.74 | 12 | 3.54 | D69 |
| 9 | 2 | 1.48 | 18 | 5.31 | |
| 1 | 51 | 37.78 | 51 | 15.04 | D35, D39, D45, D47, D49, D51, D52, D53, D54, D55, D57, D58, D61, D63, D67, D68, D72, D74, D82, D84, D89, D97, D98, D99, D100, D102, D103, D105, D109, D111, D112, D117, D119, D120, D121, D129, D131, D134, D135, D136, D137, D138, D157, D158, D159, D160, D161, D162, D163, D164, D166 |
| 2 | 38 | 28.15 | 76 | 22.42 | D32, D33, D34, D36, D38, D42, D43, D46, D48, D56, D59, D64, D70, D71, D73, D80, D81, D85, D86, D88, D90, D95, D101, D116, D118, D124, D125, D126, D127, D128, D130, D132, D133, D151, D152, D153, D154, D156 |
| 3 | 16 | 11.85 | 48 | 14.16 | D37, D41, D44, D87, D96, D110, D114, D144, D145, D146, D147, D148, D149, D150, D155, D165 |
| 4 | 13 | 9.63 | 52 | 15.34 | D50, D60, D66, D75, D77, D83, D91, D104, D106, D113, D115, D122, D143 |
| 5 | 7 | 5.19 | 35 | 10.32 | D40, D65, D78, D107, D123, D141, D142 |
| 6 | 4 | 2.96 | 24 | 7.08 | D62, D76, D79, D108 |
| 7 | 3 | 2.22 | 21 | 6.19 | D93, D94, D139 |
| Total | 135 of 135 | 100 | 337 of 339 | 99.4 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 135 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 51 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 285 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 339 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.51 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.19 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.11 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37.78 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 187.66 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,753,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 224.34 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 84.96% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,612.92 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 52,920 kg <br /> 52,920 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,032.29 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien (2012), Archè et Chrèmata en Egypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204-81 av. J.-C.). Etude de numismatique et d'histoire, [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Orléans University, 2012.
