S 63 - Aradus, bronze, NC, 137-51 BC
From SILVER
137 BCE - 51 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | geminate heads of bearded god and godess right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Ship bow with Athena as figurehead |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 137 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 51 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Duyrat 2005, p. 104-106, no. 4228-4381 (series 9). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 27 | 45.76 | 27 | 17.53 | 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 41, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 55 |
| 2 | 20 | 33.9 | 40 | 25.97 | 1, 2, 4, 10, 14, 15, 19, 23, 26, 32, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 54, 56, 57, 59 |
| 3 | 3 | 5.08 | 9 | 5.84 | 17, 18, 22 |
| 4 | 3 | 5.08 | 12 | 7.79 | 30, 46, 53 |
| 6 | 1 | 1.69 | 6 | 3.9 | 58 |
| 7 | 3 | 5.08 | 21 | 13.64 | 3, 13, 52 |
| 15 | 1 | 1.69 | 15 | 9.74 | 34 |
| 9 | 1 | 1.69 | 9 | 5.84 | 47 |
| Total | 59 of 59 | 99.97 | 139 of 154 | 90.25 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 59 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 27 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 99 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 154 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.61 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.56 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.68 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 45.76 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 80.3 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,606,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 95.64 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 82.47% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,835.62 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,589.04 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut
