S 61 - Aradus, silver, drachma, 172-109 BC
From SILVER
172 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 7,850 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bee |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | APAΔΙΩΝ (Greek).Deer right in front of a palm tree. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria (Phoenicia) | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 172 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 109 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Duyrat 2005, p. 74-81, no. 2573-3009 (series VI). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 18 | 1 | 1.14 | 18 | 4.18 | D72 |
| 1 | 23 | 26.14 | 23 | 5.34 | D6, D11, D12, D14, D16, D17, D20, D22, D23, D29, D30, D38, D40, D42, D51, D59, D60, D65, D67, D76, D78, D81, D83 |
| 2 | 12 | 13.64 | 24 | 5.57 | D4, D10, D13, D21, D34, D36, D37, D39, D53, D61, D79, D80 |
| 3 | 7 | 7.95 | 21 | 4.87 | D1, D24, D57, D58, D66, D82, D85 |
| 4 | 10 | 11.36 | 40 | 9.28 | D5, D15, D25, D26, D28, D46, D69, D87, D88, D89 |
| 5 | 8 | 9.09 | 40 | 9.28 | D3, D19, D47, D50, D64, D74, D77, D86 |
| 6 | 3 | 3.41 | 18 | 4.18 | D7, D56, D62 |
| 7 | 5 | 5.68 | 35 | 8.12 | D8, D27, D35, D48, D52 |
| 8 | 6 | 6.82 | 48 | 11.14 | D2, D44, D54, D55, D68, D71 |
| 10 | 2 | 2.27 | 20 | 4.64 | D49, D75 |
| 11 | 2 | 2.27 | 22 | 5.1 | D9, D18 |
| 12 | 2 | 2.27 | 24 | 5.57 | D33, D41 |
| 13 | 2 | 2.27 | 26 | 6.03 | D43, D45 |
| 14 | 2 | 2.27 | 28 | 6.5 | D31, D32 |
| 9 | 3 | 3.41 | 27 | 6.26 | D2, D44, D54, D55, D68, D71 |
| Total | 88 of 88 | 99.99 | 414 of 431 | 96.06 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 88 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 23 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 113 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 431 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.9 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.81 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.28 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 26.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 98.12 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,962,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 110.58 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.66% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,785.16 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 7,850 kg <br /> 7,850 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,962.9 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut
