S 51 - Aradus, silver, hemidrachm, 241-109 BC
From SILVER
241 BCE - 109 BCE Silver 694 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Tyche right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Monogram of the city (Greek).Ship bow |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 241 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 109 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Duyrat 2005, p. 49-50, no. 1558-1628 (series III). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 5.71 | 3, 5, 6, 8 |
| 2 | 2 | 12.5 | 4 | 5.71 | 11, 14 |
| 3 | 3 | 18.75 | 9 | 12.86 | 4, 9, 15 |
| 5 | 1 | 6.25 | 5 | 7.14 | 16 |
| 6 | 2 | 12.5 | 12 | 17.14 | 1, 13 |
| 7 | 1 | 6.25 | 7 | 10 | 2 |
| 8 | 1 | 6.25 | 8 | 11.43 | 7 |
| 12 | 1 | 6.25 | 12 | 17.14 | 10 |
| 9 | 1 | 6.25 | 9 | 12.86 | 12 |
| Total | 16 of 16 | 100 | 70 of 70 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 16 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 21 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 70 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.38 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.33 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.31 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 18.26 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 365,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20.74 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00019 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.29% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,667.03 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 694 kg <br /> 694 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 19,167.58 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Duyrat, Frédérique (2005), Arados hellénistique. Etude historique et monétaire, Beirut
