S 49 - Aradus, bronze (Tyche/prow) (242-166 BCE)
From SILVER
242 BCE - 166 CE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Tyche with mural crown to right. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Monogram of the city) (Greek).Athena promachos standing on prow to left, monogram and year abov. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aradus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 242 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 166 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Duyrat 2005, p. 44-45, n° 1357-1454 (Series I) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 75 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 21 | 52.5 | 21 | 21.43 | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40 |
| 2 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 8.16 | 1, 16, 33, 37 |
| 3 | 6 | 15 | 18 | 18.37 | 2, 10, 12, 23, 24, 27 |
| 4 | 3 | 7.5 | 12 | 12.24 | 20, 25, 29 |
| 5 | 3 | 7.5 | 15 | 15.31 | 11, 32, 34 |
| 6 | 1 | 2.5 | 6 | 6.12 | 13 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.5 | 7 | 7.14 | 17 |
| Total | 39 of 40 | 97.5 | 87 of 98 | 88.77 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 40 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 21 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 62 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 98 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.45 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.58 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.55 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 52.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 56.39 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,127,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 67.59 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 78.57% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,475.79 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,689.48 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
