S 445 - Messene, bronze, tetartemoria (191-50 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER ID ^ᵖ: 8735

191 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze

Description

Obverse:	Several types: 1) Head of Demeter left or right, wearing (earring and necklace), ears and leaves wreath. Border of dots (issues α-ζ), 2) Head of Asclepios right, wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots (issue η).
Reverse:	ME (Greek).Different types: 1) Grapes and vine leaves tied to the vine. In the field, ΔI within wreath (issue α), 2) Zeus Ithomatas right, naked, holding thunderbolt in right hand, eagle standing on left arm. In the field, Greek letters, star (and tripod). Border of dots (issues β-ζ), 3) Snake wraped around stick. In the field, wreath and NIKAPXOC (issue η).

Mint and issuing power

Mint:

Messene

Ancient region:

Peloponnesus

Modern country: Greece

Authority:

Chronology

From

191 BCE

to

50 BCE

Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC

Physical description

Metal:

Bronze

Median weight in grams

3.40

Denomination:

tetartemorion , trichalkon

Standard:

Image

]]S_445_-_Messene,_bronze,_tetartemoria_(191-50_BCE).png [1]

References

Die study reference:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Grandjean 2003, series XII.
Coin series reference:

Obverse dies distribution

Frequency ᵖ	Number of obverses ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coins (n)	% (n)	Die name
1	44	78.57	44	60.27	306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 358, 359, 360
2	10	17.86	20	27.4	305, 310, 319, 333, 339, 344, 351, 352, 356, 357
3	1	1.79	3	4.11	343
6	1	1.79	6	8.22	355
Total	56 of 56	100.01	73 of 73	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obverses ᵖ (o)	56	Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	44
Number of reverse dies (r)	63	Number of coins (n)	73
Coins per obverse die (n/o)	1.3	Coins per reverse die (n/r)	1.16
Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o)	1.13	Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ	78.57 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ	189.35	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ	3,787,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O)	240.47	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ	0.00002
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O)	39.73%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ	771.06
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ	1,927.65

Remarks