S 444 - Messene, bronze, hemiobols (191-50 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8756

191 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Demeter or Artemis right, wearing ear and leaves wreath or stephane. Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ME and ΔEΞIAΣ (Greek).Zeus Ithomatas right, naked, holding thunderbolt in right hand and spear in left hand, eagle standing on left arm. In the field, tripod, and/or wreath and letters or name.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Messene

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Peloponnesus

Modern countryModern country: Greece

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

191 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

50 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

5.80

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

hemiobol

StandardStandard.:

Image

]]S_444_-_Messene,_bronze,_hemiobols_(191-50_BCE).png [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Grandjean 2003, series XI.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	68	40.48	68	13.47	D137, D138, D141, D147, D151, D152, D161, D164, D168, D171, D172, D173, D174, D176, D177, D178, D179, D180, D181, D182, D183, D184, D186, D187, D188, D189, D190, D193, D195, D196, D198, D208, D214, D220, D227, D240, D241, D245, D248, D252, D254, D255, D256, D258, D260, D261, D265, D267, D268, D269, D270, D272, D273, D274, D278, D279, D280, D282, D284, D285, D287, D293, D296, D297, D300, D302, D303, D304
2	37	22.02	74	14.65	140, 148, 149, 153, 155, 159, 160, 166, 170, 175, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 213, 228, 229, 231, 237, 239, 243, 244, 249, 250, 251, 253, 257, 259, 262, 263, 264, 266, 283, 286, 290, 301
3	26	15.48	78	15.45	139, 143, 150, 154, 156, 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, 169, 200, 206, 212, 216, 217, 219, 221, 223, 233, 235, 238, 271, 294, 298, 299
4	15	8.93	60	11.88	142, 144, 157, 199, 201, 203, 204, 207, 226, 230, 242, 247, 275, 276, 277
5	6	3.57	30	5.94	191, 209, 215, 224, 234, 246
6	4	2.38	24	4.75	218, 222, 236, 281
7	3	1.79	21	4.16	146, 232, 289
8	2	1.19	16	3.17	210, 295
9	3	1.79	27	5.35
10	1	0.6	10	1.98	291
11	1	0.6	11	2.18	145
12	1	0.6	12	2.38	288
25	1	0.6	25	4.95	292
Total	168 of 168	100.03	456 of 505	90.31

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	168	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	68
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	308	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	505
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	3.01	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.64
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.83	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	40.48 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	213.05	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	4,261,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	251.75	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00012
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	86.53%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	4,740.67
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	11,851.68

Remarks