Aetolia (uncertain mint) (Aetolian League), bronze, ca 5.40g (Athena/standing Heracles) (205-150 BCE)
From SILVER
205 BCE - 150 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΙΤΩΛΩΝ (Greek).Heracles standing, holding a club and a lion skin |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aetolia (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Aetolia | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Aetolian League |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 205 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 150 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemiobol
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
Aetolian_league_bronze_athena.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Tsangari 20071Tsangari 2007, p. 167-185, no. 1400-1672. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 42HGC 4, n° 958 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 206 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 125 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 272 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 329 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.6 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.21 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.32 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 60.68 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 443.48 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 8,869,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 551.01 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 62.01% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,483.72 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,709.3 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Tsangari, Dimitra (2007) Corpus des monnaies d’or, d’argent et de Bronze de la confédération étolienne, Athens, 507 p. : illustrations.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
