S 251 - Aetolia (uncertain mint) (Aetolian League), bronze, chalkoi (220-205 BCE)
From SILVER
220 BCE - 205 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Atalanta right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΙΤΩΛΩΝ (Greek).Spear in field, right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aetolia (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Aetolia | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Aetolian League |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 220 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 205 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | chalkous
|
StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Tsangari 2007, p. 115-116, no. 841-866, p. 118, no. 884, p. 121, no. 924, p. 136, no. 1119-1123, p. 136-137, no. 1127. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 15 | 55.56 | 15 | 37.5 | d1, d4, d9, d10, d11, d14, d15, d16, d18, d19, d21, d23, d25, d26, d27 |
| 2 | 11 | 40.74 | 22 | 55 | d2, d3, d6, d7, d8, d12, d13, d17, d20, d22, d24 |
| 3 | 1 | 3.7 | 3 | 7.5 | d5 |
| Total | 27 of 27 | 100 | 40 of 40 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 27 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 15 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 33 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 40 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.48 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.21 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.22 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 55.56 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 66.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,330,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 83.08 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 62.5% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,203.01 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,007.52 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Tsangari, Dimitra (2007) Corpus des monnaies d’or, d’argent et de Bronze de la confédération étolienne, Athens, 507 p. : illustrations.
