S 2068 - Sardis (Xerxes - Darius II), silver, sigloi (Group IIIb) (480-425 BCE) Alram

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 14228


480 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 1,610 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Persian king or hero, wearing kidaris and kandys, quiver over shoulder, in kneeling-running stance right, holding spear and bow
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: Incuse punch
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Sardis Ancient regionAncient region.: Lydia Modern countryModern country: Turkey AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Artaxerxes I, Darius II, Persian Empire, Xerxes I
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 480 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 425 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 5.50 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: siglos Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Persian
Image
S2068 Sardis sigloi Group IIIb.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Alram 19931Alram 1993
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 2 18.18 2 6.67 5A, 5B
2 3 27.27 6 20 1C, 1D, 4
3 4 36.36 12 40 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
4 1 9.09 4 13.33 2C
6 1 9.09 6 20 3
Total 11 of 11 99.99 30 of 30 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 11 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  2
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 30
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 2.73 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  18.18 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  14.64 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  292,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 17.37 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00010
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 93.33% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  4,098.36
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  1,610 kg <br /> 1,610 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  10,245.9
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation This die-study is a skeleton die-study from one single hoard (rich of 1491 sigloi)

References

  1. ^  Alram, Michael (1993), "Dareikos und siglos : Ein neuer schatzfund achaimenidischer sigloi aus kleinasien", Res Orientales, 5 (Rika Gyselen [ed.], Circulation des monnaies, des marchandises et des biens), p. 23-53.