S 1966 - Ephesus, silver, tetradrachms (390-325 BCE) Kinns
From SILVER
390 BCE - 325 BCE Silver 48,608 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | E-Φ flanking head (Greek).Bee with straight wings |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΚΑΛΛΙΔΑΜΑΣ to right (Greek).Forepart of stag right, head left, palm tree to left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ephesus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 390 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 325 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1966 Ephesus tetradrachms 390-325.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ashton et al. 20021Ashton et al. 2002, p. 174-185 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 4371-4373 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 33 | 23.91 | 33 | 5.68 | 9, 12, 14, 17, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 83, 100, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 140, 148, 150, 151, 152, 158, 159, 164, 173 |
| 2 | 15 | 10.87 | 30 | 5.16 | 1, 16, 24, 53, 62, 73, 82, 85, 96, 99, 111, 114, 131, 163, 168 |
| 3 | 19 | 13.77 | 57 | 9.81 | 7, 15, 20, 25, 27, 46, 47, 55, 69, 70, 88, 89, 98, 127, 137, 141, 143, 162, 171 |
| 4 | 22 | 15.94 | 88 | 15.15 | 10, 11, 22, 23, 26, 48, 54, 56, 60, 65, 91, 93, 94, 95, 112, 113, 117, 121, 130, 149, 155, 174 |
| 5 | 11 | 7.97 | 55 | 9.47 | 6, 8, 19, 45, 97, 118, 120, 146, 154, 157, 166 |
| 6 | 12 | 8.7 | 72 | 12.39 | 13, 50, 52, 61, 71, 84, 87, 119, 142, 145, 161, 165 |
| 7 | 5 | 3.62 | 35 | 6.02 | 3, 5, 92, 122, 172 |
| 8 | 7 | 5.07 | 56 | 9.64 | 21, 86, 115, 116, 126, 153, 160 |
| 9 | 4 | 2.9 | 36 | 6.2 | 51, 81, 144, 156 |
| 10 | 2 | 1.45 | 20 | 3.44 | 4, 90 |
| 11 | 4 | 2.9 | 44 | 7.57 | 18, 80, 125, 167 |
| 12 | 1 | 0.72 | 12 | 2.07 | 124 |
| 14 | 2 | 1.45 | 28 | 4.82 | 2, 123 |
| 15 | 1 | 0.72 | 15 | 2.58 | 147 |
| Total | 138 of 138 | 99.99 | 581 of 581 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 138 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 33 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 581 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.21 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 23.91 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 158.85 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,177,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 180.99 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00018 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.32% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,315.08 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 48,608 kg <br /> 48,608 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,287.69 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations Obv. 33-44, 49, 57-59, 75-79, 101-110, 129, 138-139, 169-170 are missing. The frequencies are not for the number of coins but for the number of names (hence an original number of dies much inferior to what is given here).
