S 1960 - Ephesus, silver, tetradrachms (405-390 BCE) Kinns
From SILVER
405 BCE - 390 BCE Silver 3,852 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Ε - Φ (Greek).Bee |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠEIΘAΓOPHΣ (Greek).Forepart of stag right, head left, palm tree to left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ephesus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 405 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 390 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1960 Ephesus tetradrachms.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ashton - Kinns - Konuk - Meadows 20021Ashton - Kinns - Konuk - Meadows 2002, p. 102-105 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 16.67 | 2 | 2.41 | 7, 12 |
| 3 | 4 | 33.33 | 12 | 14.46 | 2, 4, 5, 6 |
| 4 | 1 | 8.33 | 4 | 4.82 | 1 |
| 8 | 2 | 16.67 | 16 | 19.28 | 3, 9 |
| 11 | 1 | 8.33 | 11 | 13.25 | 10 |
| 13 | 1 | 8.33 | 13 | 15.66 | 8 |
| 25 | 1 | 8.33 | 25 | 30.12 | 11 |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 99.99 | 83 of 83 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 55 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 83 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.92 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.51 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.58 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 12.67 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 253,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 14.03 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00033 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.59% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,101.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,852 kg <br /> 3,852 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 32,754.54 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard - Kinns, Philip - Konuk, Koray - Meadows, Andrew (2002), "The Hecatomnus Hoard (CH 5.17, 8.96, 9.387)", Coin Hoards, IX, London, p. 95-158
