S 1875 - Opous (Locrians), bronze (Athena/quadriga) (50-1 BCE)
From SILVER
50 BCE - 1 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Quadriga to r., driven by helmeted figure wearing long chiton |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | O - POYN - TIWN (Greek).Athena standing r. with spear and shield |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Opous | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Locri Opuntii (Opus) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 50 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 1 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC , Roman from 30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Morineau Humphris - Delbridge 20141 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 7.14 | 3 |
2 | 2 | 40 | 4 | 28.57 | 2, 5 |
3 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 21.43 | 4 |
6 | 1 | 20 | 6 | 42.86 | 1 |
Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 14 of 14 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 8 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 14 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.8 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.75 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.6 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 6.57 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 131,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 7.78 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.86% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,261.8 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 10,654.49 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Morineau Humphris, Jacqueline - Delbridge, Diana (2014), The Coinage of the Opuntian Lokrians, RNS Spec. Publ. 50, London, RNS, 264 p., 61 pl.