S 1865 - Opous (Locrians), silver, triobols (356-338 BCE)
From SILVER
356 BCE - 338 BCE Silver 4,916 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Persephone to left, wearing wreath of grain leaves and triple-pendant earring |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΟΠΟΝΤΙΩ-Ν (Greek).Ajax, nude but for helmet, moving right, holding short sword in his right hand and, in his left, shield adorned with a griffin on the inside, across field, Λ-Y, on the ground below, spear |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Opous | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Locri Opuntii (Opus) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 356 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 338 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm , triobol
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Morineau Humphris - Delbridge 2014, p. 96-123 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 2329, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 4, n° 971 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 2.11 | 2 | 23, 94 | |
| 2 | 9 | 9.47 | 18 | 19, 49, 70, 73, 75, 85, 92, 93, 96 | |
| 3 | 8 | 8.42 | 24 | 26, 48, 64, 65, 69, 74, 87, 89 | |
| 4 | 1 | 1.05 | 4 | 63 | |
| 5 | 6 | 6.32 | 30 | 4, 35, 59, 61, 76, 88 | |
| 6 | 4 | 4.21 | 24 | 9, 27, 45, 72 | |
| 7 | 5 | 5.26 | 35 | 11, 25, 40, 43, 66 | |
| 8 | 8 | 8.42 | 64 | 13, 14, 41, 71, 81, 83, 86, 90 | |
| 9 | 5 | 5.26 | 45 | 12, 33, 34, 52, 58 | |
| 10 | 4 | 4.21 | 40 | 1, 17, 42, 84 | |
| 11 | 5 | 5.26 | 55 | 10, 39, 44, 57, 91 | |
| 12 | 3 | 3.16 | 36 | 53, 80, 82 | |
| 13 | 2 | 2.11 | 26 | 62, 67 | |
| 14 | 3 | 3.16 | 42 | 5, 68, 79 | |
| 15 | 1 | 1.05 | 15 | 77 | |
| 16 | 3 | 3.16 | 48 | 24, 36, 55 | |
| 18 | 3 | 3.16 | 54 | 18, 47, 54 | |
| 20 | 5 | 5.26 | 100 | 22, 31, 32, 38, 51 | |
| 22 | 2 | 2.11 | 44 | 21, 95 | |
| 23 | 2 | 2.11 | 46 | 3, 60 | |
| 25 | 1 | 1.05 | 25 | 78 | |
| 26 | 1 | 1.05 | 26 | 37 | |
| 27 | 2 | 2.11 | 54 | 2, 46 | |
| 30 | 1 | 1.05 | 30 | 56 | |
| 33 | 3 | 3.16 | 99 | 8, 20, 30 | |
| 34 | 1 | 1.05 | 34 | 15 | |
| 37 | 2 | 2.11 | 74 | 7, 50 | |
| 43 | 1 | 1.05 | 43 | 16 | |
| 47 | 1 | 1.05 | 47 | 6 | |
| 67 | 1 | 1.05 | 67 | 29 | |
| Total | 95 of 95 | 100 | 1251 of 1,251 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 95 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 118 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 1251 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13.17 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 10.6 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.24 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 2.11 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 94.53 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,890,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 102.81 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00066 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.84% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 26,467.79 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,916 kg <br /> 4,916 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 66,169.47 |
Remarks
Obv. 28 is missing; dies heavily connected (see charts p. 125-129)
References
- ^ Morineau Humphris, Jacqueline - Delbridge, Diana (2014), The Coinage of the Opuntian Lokrians, RNS Spec. Publ. 50, London, RNS, 264 p., 61 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
