S 1839 - Byblus (Elpa'al), silver, 1/16 shekels (420-400 BCE)
From SILVER
420 BCE - 400 BCE Silver 575 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Galley to left, containing two hoplites with helmets and round shields, hippocamp to left below |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Lion attacking bull to left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Byblus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 420 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 400 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 1/16 shekel | StandardStandard.: |
Image
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S1839 Byblus Elpa'al sixteenth shekels (420-400 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Elayi - Elayi 20141Elayi - Elayi 2014, p. 159-161, n° 220-250 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 8 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 11 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.22 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.38 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.89 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 77.78 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 38.36 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 767,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 49.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 36.36% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 573.51 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 575 kg <br /> 575 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,433.79 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2014), A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, xvi + 384 p.
