S 1837 - Byblus (Elpa'al), silver, shekels (420-400 BCE)
From SILVER
420 BCE - 400 BCE Silver 2,159 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Galley with three hoplites left, below, hippocamp left |
| Reverse: | Lion left, attacking bull, in incuse form, lying right, all within incuse circle |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Byblus | Ancient region: | Phoenicia | Modern country: Lebanon | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 420 BCE | to | 400 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 14.30 | Denomination: | shekel , double siglos
|
Standard: |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi - Elayi 2014, p. 155-156, n° 181-192 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 130 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 3 | 75 | 3 | 42.86 | 2, 3, 4 |
| 4 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 57.14 | 1 |
| Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 7 of 7 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 7 | Number of coins (n) | 7 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.75 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 75 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 7.55 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 151,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 9.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 57.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 1,854.3 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 2,159 kg <br /> 2,159 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 4,635.76 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2014), A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, xvi + 384 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
