S 1834 - Byblus (uncertain king), silver, shekels (430-420 BCE)
From SILVER
430 BCE - 420 BCE Silver 2,619 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Galley with three hoplites to left, below, hippocamp left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Vulture standing left on the body of an incuse ram to left with head to right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Byblus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 430 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 420 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | shekel , double siglos
|
StandardStandard.: | Persian |
Image
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S1834 Byblus uncertain king shekels (430-420 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Elayi - Elayi 20141Elayi - Elayi 2014, p. 148-151, n° 101-141 (Group III.1) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 102HGC 10, n° 126 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 57.14 | 4 | 23.53 | 2, 5, 6, 7 |
| 2 | 1 | 14.29 | 2 | 11.76 | 3 |
| 5 | 1 | 14.29 | 5 | 29.41 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 14.29 | 6 | 35.29 | 4 |
| Total | 7 of 7 | 100.01 | 17 of 17 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 7 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 8 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 17 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.43 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.13 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.14 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 57.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 9.92 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 198,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 11.9 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 76.47% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,427.42 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,619 kg <br /> 2,619 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,568.55 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2014), A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, xvi + 384 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
