S 1827 - Byblus (Ozba'al), silver, shekels (400-370 BCE)
From SILVER
400 BCE - 370 BCE Silver 4,571 kg
Description
| Obverse: | (Phoenician).Three hoplites, holding shields, on galley left above waves, prow ending in lion's head, below, hippocamp left above murex shell, 'Z (in Phoenician) above dorsal fin |
| Reverse: | 'ZB'L MLK GBL (Ozbaal, king of Gebal in Phoenician) above (Phoenician).Lion attacking bull left |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Byblus | Ancient region: | Phoenicia | Modern country: Lebanon | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 400 BCE | to | 370 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 13.00 | Denomination: | shekel , double siglos
|
Standard: | Persian |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi - Elayi 2014, p. 162-215, n° 268-726 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 6011, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 10, n° 133 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 5.56 | 1 | 0.3 | 8 |
| 2 | 2 | 11.11 | 4 | 1.18 | 1, 18 |
| 3 | 2 | 11.11 | 6 | 1.78 | 2, 9 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.56 | 4 | 1.18 | 16 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 1.48 | 7 |
| 6 | 2 | 11.11 | 12 | 3.55 | 3, 15 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.56 | 9 | 2.66 | 6 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.56 | 12 | 3.55 | 17 |
| 18 | 2 | 11.11 | 36 | 10.65 | 4, 10 |
| 23 | 1 | 5.56 | 23 | 6.8 | 5 |
| 30 | 1 | 5.56 | 30 | 8.88 | 13 |
| 53 | 1 | 5.56 | 53 | 15.68 | 11 |
| 67 | 1 | 5.56 | 67 | 19.82 | 14 |
| 76 | 1 | 5.56 | 76 | 22.49 | 12 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.04 | 338 of 338 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 40 | Number of coins (n) | 338 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 18.78 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 8.45 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2.22 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.56 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 17.58 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 351,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 19.01 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00096 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.7% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 38,452.79 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 4,571 kg <br /> 4,571 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 96,131.97 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2014), A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, xvi + 384 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
