S 1825 - Byblus (Aynel), silver, shekels (350-333 BCE)
From SILVER
350 BCE - 333 BCE Silver 1,014 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Three hoplites on galley left above waves, below, hippocamp left above murex shell. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | 'Aynel, king of Gebal' (Aramaic).Lion attacking bull left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Byblus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 350 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 333 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | shekel , double siglos
|
StandardStandard.: | Persian |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi - Elayi 2014, p. 234-244, n° 886-965 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 139 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 2.53 | 3, 4 |
| 32 | 1 | 25 | 32 | 40.51 | 2 |
| 45 | 1 | 25 | 45 | 56.96 | 1 |
| Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 79 of 79 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 30 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 79 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 19.75 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.63 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 7.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 3.9 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 78,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 4.21 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00101 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.47% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 40,512.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,014 kg <br /> 1,014 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 101,282.05 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2014), A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, xvi + 384 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
