Pangaion (uncertain mint) (Derrones), silver, dodecadrachms (ox cart/incuse square) (500-480 BCE) Tzamalis 2012
From SILVER
500 BCE - 480 BCE Silver 139,091 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΔΕΡΡΟΝΙΚΟΝ (Greek).Ox cart standing left on exergual line, sun disc above legend and crested Corinthian helmet in left field |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Incuse swastika. Flan crack and a few small scrapes and scratches |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pangaion (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Derrones, Thraco-Macedonian tribes |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 500 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 480 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 40.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | dodecadrachm | StandardStandard.: | Thraco-Macedonian |
Image
S1732 Derrones octadrachms.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Tzamalis 20121Tzamalis 2012, p. 30-41 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 1315, Lorber 20253Lorber 2025, p. 54-58, n° 1-18 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
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Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 19 | 90.48 | 19 | 82.61 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 |
| 2 | 2 | 9.52 | 4 | 17.39 | 9, 11 |
| Total | 21 of 21 | 100 | 23 of 23 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 21 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 19 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 21 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 23 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.1 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.1 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 90.48 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 173.43 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,468,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 241.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 17.39% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 265.24 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 139,091 kg <br /> 139,091 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 663.09 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Tzamalis, Alexandros Reginald (2012), Les ethnè de la région "thraco-macéconienne". Etude d'histoire et de numismatique, 2 vol., unpublished PhD, Paris IV-Sorbonne, Paris,
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Lorber, Catharine C. (2025), "A die study of the largest silver denominations of the Derrones," in Panagiotis P. Iossif and Yannis Stoyas (eds.), Fleur de Coin. Studies offered to François de Callataÿ by his students and friends, Phronesis 1, Athens, p. 52-83.
