S 1605 - Ephesus (Phanes), electrum, hektai (625-600 BCE)
From SILVER
625 BCE - 600 BCE Electrum 2,463 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Forepart of a stag to left, head turned back to right, before, pellet with three leaves arround |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Abstract geometric pattern within incuse square punch |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ephesus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 625 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 600 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Electrum http://nomisma.org/id/el | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.35 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hekte
|
StandardStandard.: | Milesian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 2020c, p. 446-448, n° 13-22 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 2.7 | 11 |
| 3 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 8.11 | 12 |
| 6 | 1 | 20 | 6 | 16.22 | 10 |
| 11 | 1 | 20 | 11 | 29.73 | 14 |
| 16 | 1 | 20 | 16 | 43.24 | 13 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 37 of 37 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 37 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.4 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 5.24 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 104,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 5.78 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00035 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.3% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 14,122.14 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,463 kg <br /> 2,463 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 35,305.34 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (2020), "Phanes: a Die Study", in P. van Alfen, U. Wartenberg, W. Fischer-Bossert, H. Gitler, K. Konuk and C. Lorber (eds), White Gold. Studies in Early Electrum Coinage, New York/Jerusalem, p. 423-476.
