S 1377 - Ecbatana (Gotarzes II), silver, drachms (40-51 CE)
From SILVER
40 CE - 51 CE Silver 2,247 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king left, wearing earring and diadem. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΤΑΒΑΝΟΣ ΓΟΤΕΡΣΗΣ (Greek).King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Gotarzes II (king of Parthia, 40-51 CE), Parthian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 40 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 51 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachm | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Boillet 2009, p. 609-634, n° 4259-4476 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sellwood 1980, n° 65.33 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 12 | 41.38 | 12 | 5.61 | 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29 |
| 2 | 4 | 13.79 | 8 | 3.74 | 11, 15, 19, 27 |
| 3 | 1 | 3.45 | 3 | 1.4 | 28 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.45 | 4 | 1.87 | 7 |
| 5 | 2 | 6.9 | 10 | 4.67 | 5, 8 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.45 | 6 | 2.8 | 10 |
| 7 | 1 | 3.45 | 7 | 3.27 | 25 |
| 8 | 1 | 3.45 | 8 | 3.74 | 13 |
| 11 | 1 | 3.45 | 11 | 5.14 | 9 |
| 15 | 1 | 3.45 | 15 | 7.01 | 3 |
| 17 | 1 | 3.45 | 17 | 7.94 | 4 |
| 23 | 1 | 3.45 | 23 | 10.75 | 6 |
| 29 | 1 | 3.45 | 29 | 13.55 | 2 |
| 61 | 1 | 3.45 | 61 | 28.5 | 1 |
| Total | 29 of 29 | 100.02 | 214 of 214 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 29 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 12 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 73 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 214 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.38 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.93 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.52 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 41.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 30.37 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 607,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 33.55 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00035 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.39% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 14,092.85 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,247 kg <br /> 2,247 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 35,232.14 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
- ^ Sellwood, David (1980), An introduction to the coinage of Parthia, 2nd ed., London, Spink & Son, 322 p., 10 pl.
