S 1376 - Ecbatana (Vardanes I), silver, drachms (40-45 CE)
From SILVER
40 CE - 45 C Silver 3,225 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of the king left, wearing and diadem. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ (Greek).King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow. In the right field, A. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Vardanes I (king of Parthian Empire, c. 40-45 AD) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 40 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 45 C | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boillet 20091Boillet 2009, p. 595-608, no. 4148-4258. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 20 | 57.14 | 20 | 18.02 | D2, D3, D4, D6, D7, D8, D15, D17, D19, D21, D22, D24, D25, D27, D28, D29, D30, D31, D33, D34 |
| 2 | 4 | 11.43 | 8 | 7.21 | D14, D23, D26, D32 |
| 3 | 3 | 8.57 | 9 | 8.11 | D13, D18, D20 |
| 4 | 2 | 5.71 | 8 | 7.21 | D10, D35 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.86 | 7 | 6.31 | D12 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.86 | 8 | 7.21 | D5 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.86 | 9 | 8.11 | D5 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.86 | 12 | 10.81 | D11 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.86 | 14 | 12.61 | D1 |
| 16 | 1 | 2.86 | 16 | 14.41 | D9 |
| Total | 35 of 35 | 100.01 | 111 of 111 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 35 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 20 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 41 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 111 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.17 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.71 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 57.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 43.58 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 871,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 51.12 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 81.98% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,094.08 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,225 kg <br /> 3,225 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,735.2 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
