S 1371 - Ecbatana (Phraates IV), silver, drachms (38-2 BCE)
From SILVER
38 BCE - 2 BCE Silver 9,201 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king left, wearing diadem, crowned by an eagle. (In the field, star or star with crescent). Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ (ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ) ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ (ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ) ; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΘΕΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ (Greek).King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow (crowned by an eagle). In the right field, A (and star or Ψ). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Parthian Empire, Phraates IV (king of the Parthian Empire, 38-2 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 38 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 2 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boillet 20091Boillet 2009, p. 417-460, no. 2455-2832. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 35 | 33.65 | 35 | 9.28 | D7, D16, D17, D22, D23, D24, D27, D37, D39, D40, D41, D43, D45, D49, D53, D57, D60, D61, D63, D64, D66, D82, D88, D89, D92, D95, D96, D97, D98, D100, D101, D103, D104, D106, D107 |
| 2 | 18 | 17.31 | 36 | 9.55 | D2, D3, D6, D19, D26, D30, D32, D33, D35, D42, D46, D50, D54, D55, D62, D65, D90, D93 |
| 3 | 12 | 11.54 | 36 | 9.55 | D5, D9, D38, D51, D56, D59, D72, D77, D78, D87, D102, D105 |
| 4 | 10 | 9.62 | 40 | 10.61 | D10, D14, D25, D29, D34, D44, D48, D58, D80, D99 |
| 5 | 10 | 9.62 | 50 | 13.26 | D1, D13, D21, D28, D36, D47, D52, D71, D74, D83 |
| 6 | 3 | 2.88 | 18 | 4.77 | D4, D18, D91 |
| 7 | 5 | 4.81 | 35 | 9.28 | D11, D31, D67, D76, D81 |
| 8 | 3 | 2.88 | 24 | 6.37 | D8, D20, D73 |
| 9 | 3 | 2.88 | 27 | 7.16 | D8, D20, D73 |
| 10 | 2 | 1.92 | 20 | 5.31 | D12, D70 |
| 14 | 1 | 0.96 | 14 | 3.71 | D79 |
| 16 | 1 | 0.96 | 16 | 4.24 | D75 |
| 21 | 1 | 0.96 | 21 | 5.57 | D86 |
| Total | 104 of 104 | 99.99 | 372 of 377 | 98.66 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 104 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 35 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 222 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 377 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.63 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.7 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.65 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 124.34 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,486,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 143.62 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 90.72% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,064.02 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,201 kg <br /> 9,201 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 15,160.05 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
