S 1365 - Ecbatana (Orodes II), silver, drachms (57-38 BCE)
From SILVER
57 BCE - 38 BCE Silver 14,509 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king left, wearing diadem (crowned by Nike). (In the field, crescent and/or star). Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΔΙΑΙΟΥ (sic) ΦΙΛΕΛΗΝΟΣ (sic) (Greek).King seated right, wearing diadem, holding bow (crowned by an eagle). In the right field, A (and monogram), anchor (and crescent) or monograms. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Orodes II (king of the Parthian Empire, 57-38 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 57 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 38 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Boillet 2009, p. 319-352, no. 1574-1849. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 65 | 50.78 | 65 | 23.55 | D2, D4, D5, D6, D8, D9, D10, D12, D17, D19, D20, D21, D22, D23, D24, D25, D30, D31, D32, D34, D39, D42, D43, D46, D47, D52, D59, D64, D65, D67, D68, D70, D71, D72, D74, D75, D76, D78, D79, D80, D81, D89, D91, D93, D96, D97, D99, D100, D101, D102, D103, D104, D105, D108, D116, D118, D119, D120, D121, D122, D123, D124, D127, D128, D129 |
| 2 | 34 | 26.56 | 68 | 24.64 | D1, D7, D13, D14, D15, D18, D26, D27, D28, D29, D33, D38, D41, D44, D45, D48, D50, D55, D58, D63, D66, D73, D77, D82, D87, D92, D94, D95, D107, D112, D113, D115, D117, D126 |
| 3 | 11 | 8.59 | 33 | 11.96 | D35, D36, D37, D51, D53, D54, D60, D84, D109, D110, D125 |
| 4 | 6 | 4.69 | 24 | 8.7 | D11, D40, D49, D90, D111, D114 |
| 5 | 5 | 3.91 | 25 | 9.06 | D3, D62, D69, D88, D106 |
| 7 | 4 | 3.13 | 28 | 10.14 | D16, D56, D57, D61 |
| 8 | 2 | 1.56 | 16 | 5.8 | D83, D85 |
| 13 | 1 | 0.78 | 13 | 4.71 | D86 |
| Total | 128 of 128 | 100 | 272 of 276 | 98.56 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 128 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 65 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 170 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 276 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.16 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.62 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50.78 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 196.07 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,921,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 238.7 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 76.45% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,815.32 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 14,509 kg <br /> 14,509 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 7,038.3 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
