S 1362 - Ecbatana (Phraates III), bronze (70-57 BCE)
From SILVER
70 BCE - 57 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of the king left, wearing diadem or tiara. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Several legends: 1) ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ (series I-II, IV) ; 2) ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ ΦΙΛOΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ (series III) (Greek).Several types: 1) Winged horse rearing up right. In the left field, A (series I, V), 2) Horse protome right. In the field, A (series II), 3) Club. In the field, A (series III), 4) Quiver. In the field, A (series IV) |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ecbatana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Media | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Parthian Empire, Phraates III (king of the Parthian Empire, 70-57 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 70 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 57 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boillet 20091Boillet 2009, p. 302-310, no. 1452-1519. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 5 | 35.71 | 5 | 7.35 | D10, D11, D12, D13, D14 |
| 2 | 2 | 14.29 | 4 | 5.88 | D4, D5 |
| 3 | 2 | 14.29 | 6 | 8.82 | D8, D9 |
| 5 | 1 | 7.14 | 5 | 7.35 | D6 |
| 8 | 1 | 7.14 | 8 | 11.76 | D7 |
| 10 | 1 | 7.14 | 10 | 14.71 | D1 |
| 13 | 1 | 7.14 | 13 | 19.12 | D3 |
| 16 | 1 | 7.14 | 16 | 23.53 | D2 |
| Total | 14 of 14 | 99.99 | 67 of 68 | 98.52 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 5 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 26 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 68 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.86 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.62 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.86 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 35.71 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 15.63 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 312,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 17.63 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.65% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,701.22 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,753.04 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Boillet, Pierre-Yves (2009), Ecbatane et la Médie d’Alexandre aux Arsacides (c. 331 a.C. - c. 224 p.C.). Histoire monétaire et économique, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux University.
