S 130 - Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia, bronze, Module 1 (system of 4 modules), 129-125 BC
From SILVER
129 BCE - 125 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head or bust of Demetrius II right, wearing a diadem and (a drapery). Border of dots. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ and "To Laodicea mother of Canaan" (Greek and Phoenician).Baal Bérytos facing, wearing a flat tiara and an himation, holding a patera in the right hand and a trident in the left hand. In the field, ΛΑ-Φ/monogramme. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria (Phoenicia) | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Demetrius II Nicator (Seleucid king, 145-140 and 129-125 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 129 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 125 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | Module 1 (system of 4 modules) | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Sawaya 20041 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 7 | 36.84 | 7 | 11.29 | D2, D3, D5, D6, D16, D17, D19 |
2 | 1 | 5.26 | 2 | 3.23 | D14 |
3 | 3 | 15.79 | 9 | 14.52 | D4, D13, D15 |
4 | 2 | 10.53 | 8 | 12.9 | D1, D11 |
5 | 4 | 21.05 | 20 | 32.26 | D10, D8, D12, D18 |
6 | 1 | 5.26 | 6 | 9.68 | D9 |
8 | 1 | 5.26 | 8 | 12.9 | D7 |
Total | 19 of 19 | 99.99 | 60 of 62 | 96.78 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 47 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 62 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.26 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.32 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.47 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 36.84 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 23.44 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 468,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 27.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.71% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,290.1 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 13,225.26 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Sawaya, Ziad (2004) "Le Monnayage Municipal Séleucide de Bérytos (169/8-114/3 ? av. J.-C.)", Numismatic Chronicle 164, p. 109-146, pl. 10-18.