S 1286 - Heracleia Pontica, electrum, hektai (530-490 BCE)
From SILVER
530 BCE - 490 BCE Electrum 40,279 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Hear of Herakles with lionskin to l. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Quadripartite incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Heracleia Pontica | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bithynia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 530 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 490 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Electrum http://nomisma.org/id/el | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hekte
|
StandardStandard.: | Phokaian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 2020b, p. 15–164 (no. 1-15). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 21 | 28.77 | 21 | 4.32 | 9, 12, 22, 23, 27, 33, 37, 44, 45, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 63, 64, 66, 72 |
| 2 | 8 | 10.96 | 16 | 3.29 | 10, 21, 30, 52, 58, 61, 70, 71 |
| 3 | 2 | 2.74 | 6 | 1.23 | 35, 62 |
| 4 | 4 | 5.48 | 16 | 3.29 | 18, 19, 36, 59 |
| 5 | 2 | 2.74 | 10 | 2.06 | 20, 41 |
| 6 | 8 | 10.96 | 48 | 9.88 | 3, 7, 8, 16, 24, 25, 34, 42 |
| 7 | 3 | 4.11 | 21 | 4.32 | 5, 40, 43 |
| 8 | 4 | 5.48 | 32 | 6.58 | 4, 17, 28, 67 |
| 9 | 4 | 5.48 | 36 | 7.41 | 6, 32, 49, 69 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.37 | 10 | 2.06 | 39 |
| 11 | 2 | 2.74 | 22 | 4.53 | 29, 73 |
| 12 | 3 | 4.11 | 36 | 7.41 | 13, 26, 50 |
| 13 | 3 | 4.11 | 39 | 8.02 | 1, 11, 15 |
| 14 | 2 | 2.74 | 28 | 5.76 | 31, 68 |
| 18 | 1 | 1.37 | 18 | 3.7 | 38 |
| 20 | 1 | 1.37 | 20 | 4.12 | 47 |
| 21 | 1 | 1.37 | 21 | 4.32 | 2 |
| 24 | 1 | 1.37 | 24 | 4.94 | 14 |
| 29 | 1 | 1.37 | 29 | 5.97 | 46 |
| 33 | 1 | 1.37 | 33 | 6.79 | 65 |
| Total | 73 of 73 | 100.01 | 486 of 486 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 73 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 21 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 119 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 486 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.66 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.08 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.63 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28.77 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 77.46 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,549,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 85.9 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00031 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.68% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 12,548.41 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 40,279 kg <br /> 40,279 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 31,371.03 |
Remarks
[[Remarks::There are also 9 coins (7 obverses [74-79] and 7 reverses [120-126]) dated c. 480-420 BCE: p. 116-117, n° 162-168]]
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (2020), "Die Elektronprägung mit dem Herakleskopf: Herakleia Pontike, nicht Erythrai", Numismatische Zeitschrift, 126, p. 15–164.
