S 1270 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Agathocles), silver, tetradrachms (190-180 BCE)
From SILVER
190 BCE - 180 BCE Silver 13,319 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΑΛΕΧΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ (no. 109-118) ; ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΝΙΚΑΤΟΡΟΣ (no. 121-137) ; ΘΕΟΥ ΔΙOΔΟΤΟΥ (no. 138) ; ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ ΑΝΙΚΗΤΟΥ (no. 139-147) ; ΔΙΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ (no. 149-171) ; EΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ (no. 173-203) (Greek).Several types: 1) Bust of king right, wearing diadem, (drapery around neck). Border of dots (no. 1-108, 119-138, 149-205), 2) Head of Heracles right, wearing lion scalp (no. 109-118), 3) Head of king right, wearing diadem and elephant scalp (no. 139-147). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ (or ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ) (DΙKAΙΟY) ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ (no. 1-120, 121-137, 139-147, 149-171, 173-205) ; ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΝΙΚΑΤΟΡΟΣ (no. 119-120) ; ΔΙΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ (no. 148) ; EΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ (no. 172) (Greek).Several types: 1) Zeus standing facing, wearing drapery, holding scepter in left hand and Hecate with two torches on outstreched right hand. In left field, monogram (no. 1-108), 2) Zeus seated on throne left, holding scepter and bird. In field, monogram (no. 109-118), 3) Zeus standing left, brandishing thunderbolt, holding aegis on left arm. At feet, eagle left. In field, monogram (and wreath) (no. 119-138, 148-171), 4) Heracles, standing facing, crowning himself with right hand, holding club and lion skin over left arm. In left field, monogram (no. 139-147), 5) Heracles seated on rock, (draped with lion skin), holding club resting on knee in right hand. (In field, monogram) (no. 172-203), 6) Zeus seated on throne left, holding scepter in left hand and Hecate with two torches on outstreched right hand. Under throne, monogram (no. 204-205) |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Bactria (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Agathocles Dikaios (Indo-Greek king, c. 190-180 BC), Bactrian Kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 190 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 180 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Glenn 2020, p. 313-325, no. 1-205. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 7 | 18.92 | 7 | 3.41 | O12, O13, O17, O20, O24, O34, O36 |
| 2 | 5 | 13.51 | 10 | 4.88 | O7, O11, O19, O30, O37 |
| 3 | 5 | 13.51 | 15 | 7.32 | O8, O14, O23, O25, O35 |
| 4 | 2 | 5.41 | 8 | 3.9 | O4, O5 |
| 5 | 4 | 10.81 | 20 | 9.76 | O2, O15, O16, O29 |
| 6 | 3 | 8.11 | 18 | 8.78 | O6, O22, O26 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.7 | 7 | 3.41 | O18 |
| 8 | 2 | 5.41 | 16 | 7.8 | O28, O33 |
| 10 | 2 | 5.41 | 20 | 9.76 | O21 (including O21bis), O31 (including O31bis) |
| 11 | 1 | 2.7 | 11 | 5.37 | O10 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.7 | 12 | 5.85 | O9 |
| 21 | 1 | 2.7 | 21 | 10.24 | O3 |
| 22 | 1 | 2.7 | 22 | 10.73 | O1 |
| 9 | 2 | 5.41 | 18 | 8.78 | O28, O33 |
| Total | 37 of 37 | 100 | 205 of 205 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 107 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 205 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.54 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.92 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.89 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 18.92 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 40.36 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 807,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 45.15 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00025 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.59% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 10,158.57 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 13,319 kg <br /> 13,319 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 25,396.43 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Glenn, Simon (2020), Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I, Numismatic Studies 43, New York, 2020, 394 p., 106 pl.
