Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia (Alexander Balas), bronze, ca 5.5g (Alexander I/standing Astarte) (151-149 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8855

151 BCE - 149 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Alexander I right, wearing a diadem. Under the truncation of the neck, a date (ΓΞP). Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY and 𐤍𐤏𐤍𐤉𐤊 𐤌𐤀 𐤀𐤉𐤃𐤀 𐤋𐤋 ("To Laodicea mother of Canaan") (Greek; Phoenician).Astarte standing left on prow, holding tiller with right hand and resting left elbow on rudder

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Phoenicia

Modern countryModern country: Lebanon

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Alexander I Balas (Seleucid king, 152-145 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

151 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

149 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

5.50

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

StandardStandard.:

Image

Berytus_Alexander_Astarte.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Sawaya 20041Sawaya 2004, p. 109-146, pl. 10-18 (p. 138, no. 73-91).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	SC II2SC II, n° 1826
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://numismatics.org/sco/id/sc.1.1826

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	9	69.23	9	50	1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
2	3	23.08	6	33.33	3, 5, 6
3	1	7.69	3	16.67	4
Total	13 of 13	100	18 of 18	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	13	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	9
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	17	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	18
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.38	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.06
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.31	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	69.23 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	37.2	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	744,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	46.8	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00002
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	50%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	967.74
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	2,419.35

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation